追索权的消灭，是持票人对前手背书人请求偿还票据金额的权利，因一定原因而归于消灭。根据追索权消灭的不同方式，可以分为因保全行为欠缺而消灭、因时效完成而消灭和因抛弃或涂销而消灭。
（一）因保全行为欠缺而消灭
在票据法上，对追索权规定了特别的保全手段，即要求票据权利人在一定期间内，进行票据的提示，或者出示有关证明文件，从而保全其追索权；在未依法律规定的期间进行相应的票据提示或者未能提出规定的证明文件时，则丧失追索权。我国《票据法》第65条规定，持票人不能出示拒绝证明、退票理由书或者未按照规定期限提供其他合法证明的，丧失对其前手的追索权。第79条规定，本票的持票人未按照规定期限提示见票的，丧失对出票人以外的前手的追索权。
（二）因时效完成而消灭
追索权本质上也是一种债权，因而也可能因时效完成而归于消灭。我国《票据法》第17条规定了追索权的消灭时效，即持票人对前手的追索权，自被拒绝承兑或者被拒绝付款之日起六个月不行使而消灭；履行追索义务的背书人对其前手的再追索权，自清偿日或者被提起诉讼之日起三个月不行使而消灭。
（三）因抛弃或涂销而消灭
追索权作为持票人的一种权利，是否主张和行使，完全由持票人自行决定，持票人可抛弃其追索权。如英国《汇票和本票法》第62条规定：（1）如汇票持票人在到期日或到期日后，绝对地和无条件地放弃其对承兑人权利的，汇票责任即告解除。弃权须以书面作成，除非将汇票交付给承兑人。（2）持票人可以同样的方式在汇票到期前、到期时或到期后撤销任何汇票当事人对汇票应负的义务，但本条不影响未收到弃权通知的汇票善意持票人的权利。[1]此外，持票人还可以涂销自己的追索权。对此，英国《汇票和本票法》第63条规定：（1）任何对汇票负有义务的关系人可因汇票持票人或其代理人有意涂销该关系人的签名而解除汇票责任。（2）任何对被涂销签名之当事人具有追索权的背书人得以同样方式解除汇票责任。（3）无意的或错误的或未经持票人授权的涂销不生效。[2]但在我国《票据法》中，没有关于追索权因抛弃或涂销而消灭的规定。
[1] 62nd of an express waiver.（1）If the bill holder after the due date or maturity，absolute and unconditional right to give up its right acceptor，bill of exchange liability to be lifted. Abstentions shall be made in writing，unless the money order delivered to the acceptor. （2） The holder may be in the same manner before the expiry of the bill，at maturity，or revoke any bills after the expiration of the parties to the bill should bear the responsibility，but did not receive this waiver does not affect the legitimate holder of the rights of the notification.
[2] 63rd of Obliteration. （1）If the bills of exchange were holders or their agents deliberately wiped clean，and Obliteration is clear，the responsibility bill to be lifted. （2）of the parties responsible for any bill to be in the same manner by the holder or his agent intentionally wiped clean，came to discharge the responsibility of its signature. （3）has no intention or mistake，or without the authorized holder Obliteration not take effect. However，if the bill or on the signature appears to have been wiped clean，then the claim that the Obliteration is unintentional，error，or unauthorized party bears the burden of proof.