Knowledge and Virtue
？約翰·亨利·紐曼 / John Henry Newman
Knowledge is one thing， virtue is another； good sense is not conscience， refinement is not humility， nor is largeness and justness of view faith. Philosophy， however enlightened， however profound， gives no command over the passions， no influential motives， no vivifying principles. Liberal education makes not the Christian， not the Catholic， but the gentleman. It is well to be a gentleman， it is well to have a cultivated intellect， a delicate taste， a candid， equitable， dispassionate mind， a noble and courteous bearing in the conduct of life—these are the connatural qualities of a large knowledge； they are the objects of a University； I am advocating， I shall illustrate and insist upon them； but still， I repeat， they are no guarantee for sanctity or even for conscientiousness， they may attach to the man of the world， to the profligate， to the heartless， pleasant， alas， and attractive as he shows when decked， out in them. Taken by themselves， they do but seem to be what they are not； they look like virtue at a distance， but they are detected by close observers， and on the long run； and hence it is that they are popularly accused of pretense and hypocrisy， not， I repeat， from their own fault， but because their professors and their admirers persist in taking them for what they are not， and are officious in arrogating for them a praise to which they have no claim. Quarry the granite rock with razors， or moor the vessel with a thread of silk， then may you hope with such keen and delicate instruments as human knowledge and human reason to contend against those giants， the passion and the pride of man.
知識是一回事，美德則是另外一回事。好意不是良心，優雅不是謙讓，廣博與公正的觀點也不是信仰。無論多麽富有啟迪或高深莫測的哲學，都無法左右感情，都不具備有影響力的動機，都不具有導致生動活潑的原理。文科教育並非為了造就基督教徒或者天主教徒，而是為了造就紳士。造就一個紳士是件美好的事，有教養的才智，優雅的情趣，正直、公正而冷靜的頭腦，高貴而彬彬有禮的舉止——這些是與淵博的學識與生俱來的品質，也正是大學教育的目的。我倡導它們，並加以闡釋和堅持。不過我要說的是，它們仍然不能確保聖潔，甚或不能保證誠實。